Down Syndrome Defined

Down syndrome is a naturally occurring chromosomal arrangement that has always been a part of the human condition. The occurrence of Down syndrome is universal across racial and gender lines, and it is estimated to be present in approximately one in 800 births in Canada.

Down syndrome is not a disease, disorder, defect or medical condition. It is inappropriate and offensive to refer to people with Down syndrome as "afflicted with" or "suffering from" it. Down syndrome itself does not require either treatment or prevention.

The sole characteristic shared by all persons with Down syndrome is the presence of extra genetic material associated with the 21st chromosome. The effects of that extra genetic material vary greatly from individual to individual. Persons with Down syndrome may be predisposed to certain illnesses and medical conditions that are also present in the general population.  The presence of extra genetic material does not guarantee their development. Timely and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of illnesses and conditions improves both length and quality of life; the same as would be expected in the population without Down syndrome.  Vigilance on the part of health care practitioners is required to identify and treat any of them if they arise.

Studies show that people with Down syndrome are less likely to develop certain other illnesses and medical conditions. The presence of extra genetic material does not, however, guarantee that they will not develop.

All people with Down syndrome learn, develop and achieve.  People with Down syndrome have developmental differences that affect their learning style. It is important to identify the best methods of teaching each child.  Ideally, through early intervention programs, this begins soon after birth.

The greatest challenges for many individuals with Down syndrome are perceptions that underestimate their potential and abilities. 

Position Statement on Redefining Down Syndrome
Approved 2007

 Please note: This position statement is not a static document. As we continue to gather research, this statement is subject to change in order to reflect new findings. It is the goal of the CDSS to always have position statements that are the most relevant and up to date.